The Transformation of Gardens in the Middle Tang Dynasty

After the Middle Tang Dynasty, the mentalities of scholars were gradually introverted and refined.This change together with the idea of medium-hermit being the best turned the place of calming down the scholars' minds from mountain forest and the court to gardens, resulting in the profound effects on the development of garden.As the spiritual home concerned more and more by scholars, gardens had become narrow-closure but romantic pot-like places.Under such background, BAI Ju-yi's idea of medium-hermit being the best and practices of using small garden as hermit place for his spiritual calm significantly influenced the development of garden.